The first mention
of the Tornano “curtem” dates back to July 790
during the 17th year of Charlemagne rule in Italy. There
seems to be documents saying that 3 Lombard brothers,
Atroald, Adonald and Adopald, donated Tornano to the monastery
of St. Bartolomew in Ripoli (Florence), that was founded
by their great-grandfather called Adonald. On 23 January
1167, as it appears from a decree that is still kept
in the Brolio archives, emperor Frederic Barbarossa dispossessed Warnellottus,
lord of Tornano, of all his rights of ownership of the Castles
in Tornano and Campi “pro gravibus malefici
que contra nostrum coronam commisit” (Warnellottus
was found guilty for capturing an imperial messenger); the
emperor and gave these castles to his general Ranieri of
Berlingero. Warnellottus was notorious for his cruelty: as
owner of the two strategic areas, Tornano and Campi, he controlled
one of the busiest routes and imposed a tribute on all passers-by
with his systematic brutality. He ignored the imperial decree.
In fact, though he was present at the historical meeting
of representatives from Siena and Florence on 11th
December 1176 at Pieve S. Marcellino in Avane, when the southern
Chianti district passed under the control of Florence, he
made it clear to the Florentines that, despite this decree,
Tornano would stay firmly under his own and Siena’s
control. Warnellottus and his descendants got away with it
for 16 more years, until 1217. On October 4 of that
year he was forced to make a shrewd political move: he changed
sides and sold the Castle with all its annexes to the Bishop
of Florence. Eight days later the Bishop of Florence by a
special transfer Act ceded to Warnellottus and his relatives
all the goods sold as “emphyteusis” under
oath of loyalty to the Bishop and to the city of Florence.
Several raids of Florentine soldiers into the lands of Siena
brought about hostility between the two cities. In the year
1230, troops from Siena invaded the Chianti Gaiole
area in retaliation of Warnellottus’ treason (e.g.
the pretended sale to the Bishop of Florence); they thought
it was their right to take Tornano from the enemy’s
army that was camping at Monteluco di Lecchi. Thus,
after climbing over the southern walls, they took it and Ranieri
Pulce, who was in the front line over the walls, was given
the wall crown.
The Siena troops attacked again and for the last time in 1251
and this probably forced the Warnellottus family to give up;
in fact, they moved to Florence for good. The Ricasoli Fridolfi
family took over Tornano. Within the walls of Tornano Castle
there was an ancient chapel that became part of Pieve di St.
Marcellino parish church. With the 1427 census the St. Quirico
parish church in Tornano counted 32 families. During the devastating
Aragonese invasions in 1453 and 1477 Tornano lived up
to its fame of impregnable place, opposed the invaders and
never surrendered, whereas most of the castles in our Chianti
area (including powerful Brolio) were badly damaged or destroyed. |